Indias main opposition leader Rahul Gandhi warned on Friday that unless the deadly second COVID-19 wave sweeping the country was brought under control it would devastate India as well as threaten the rest of the world.
In a letter, Gandhi implored Prime Minister Narendra Modi to prepare for another national lockdown, accelerate a countrywide vaccination programme and scientifically track the virus and its mutations.
Gandhi said the world's second-most populous nation had a responsibility in "a globalised and interconnected world" to stop the "explosive" growth of COVID-19 within its borders.
"India is home to one out of every six human beings on the planet. The pandemic has demonstrated that our size, genetic diversity and complexity make India fertile ground for the virus to rapidly mutate, transforming itself into a more contagious and more dangerous form," wrote Gandhi.
"Allowing the uncontrollable spread of the virus in our country will be devastating not only for our people but also for the rest of the world."
India's highly infectious COVID-19 variant B.1.617 has already spread to other countries, and many nations have moved to cut or restrict movements from India.
British Prime Minister Boris said on Friday the government needed to handle very carefully the emergence of new coronavirus strains in India that have since started to spread in the United Kingdom.
Meanwhile tonnes of medical equipment from abroad has starting to arrive in Delhi hospitals, in what could ease the pressure on an overburdened system.
VACCINATION RATES
In the past week, India has reported an extra 1.5 million new infections and record daily death tolls. Since the start of the pandemic, it has reported 21.49 million cases and 234,083 deaths. It currently has 3.6 million active cases.
Modi has been widely criticised for not acting sooner to suppress the second wave, after religious festivals and political rallies drew tens of thousands of people in recent weeks and became "super spreader" events.
His government - which imposed a strict lockdown in March 2020 - has also been criticised for lifting social restrictions too soon following the first wave and for delays in the country's vaccination programme.
The government has been reluctant to impose a second lockdown for fear of the damage to the economy, though many states have announced their own restrictions.
Goa, a tourism hotspot on the west coast where up to one in two people tested in recent weeks for coronavirus have been positive, on Friday announced strict curbs from Sunday, restricting timings for grocery shops, forbidding unnecessary travel and urging citizens to cancel all gatherings.
While India is the world's biggest vaccine maker, it is also struggling to produce and distribute enough doses to stem the wave of COVID-19.
Although the country has administered at least 157 million vaccine doses, its rate of inoculation has fallen sharply in recent days.
India vaccinated 2.3 million people on Thursday, the most this month but still far short of what is required to curb the spread of the virus.
RECORD INFECTIONS
India reported another record daily rise in coronavirus cases, 414,188, on Friday, bringing total new cases for the week to 1.57 million. Deaths from COVID-19 rose by 3,915 to 234,083.
Medical experts say the real extent of COVID-19 is likely to be far higher than official tallies.
India's healthcare system is crumbling under the weight of patients, with hospitals running out of beds and medical oxygen. Morgues and crematoriums cannot handle the number of dead and makeshift funeral pyres burn in parks and car parks.
Infections are now spreading from overcrowded cities to remote rural villages that are home to nearly 70% of the 1.3 billion population.
Although northern and western areas of India bear the brunt of the disease, the south now seems to be turning into the new epicentre.
In the southern city of Chennai, only one in a hundred oxygen-supported beds and two in a hundred beds in intensive care units (ICUs) were vacant on Thursday, from a vacancy rate of more than 20% each two weeks ago, government data showed.
In India's tech capital Bengaluru, also in the south, only 23 of the 590 beds in ICUs were vacant.
The test-positivity rate the percentage of people tested who are found to have the disease in the city of 12.5 million has tripled to almost 39% as of Wednesday, from about 13% two weeks ago, data showed.
Syed Tousif Masood, a volunteer with a COVID-19 resource group in Bengaluru called the Project Smile Trust, said the group's helpline was receiving an average 5,000 requests a day for hospital beds and oxygen, compared with 50-100 such calls just one month ago.
"The experts say we have not yet hit the peak," he said. "If this is not the peak, then I don't know what will happen at the real peak."
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
What is a COVID-19 vaccine passport, and will I need one?
"Vaccine passports," or vaccine certificates, are documents that show you were vaccinated against COVID-19 or recently tested negative for the coronavirus. They could help you get into places such as stadiums or even countries that are looking to reopen safely.
The certificates are still being developed, and how and whether they'll be used could vary widely around the world. Experts say they should be free and available on paper, not just on apps, since not everyone has a smartphone.
In the U.S., federal officials say there are no plans to make them broadly mandatory. In some states, Republican governors have issued orders barring businesses or state agencies from asking people to show proof of vaccination.
Objections revolve mostly around privacy and security how people's personal information will be stored and fairness. Critics say the passports will benefit people and countries with more access to vaccines.
Supporters say they could make reopenings faster and easier. Proof of vaccination or a negative test could be a way for businesses and schools to reassure customers, students and parents that steps are being taken to limit transmission of the virus.
International travel bans by countries could also be eased if people are able to show proof they're vaccinated. Some countries have long had requirements to prove vaccination against yellow fever.
Still, a challenge is creating certification systems that work across vaccine providers and businesses. More than a dozen initiatives are underway to develop a credential that could be stored on a smartphone or printed on paper, using a QR code.
A man receives an injection with a dose of AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine, at a vaccination centre in Baitul Futuh Mosque, amid the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in London, Britain, March 28, 2021. REUTERS/Henry Nicholls
Two-thirds of adults in the United Kingdom have been vaccinated with a first dose of a COVID-19 shot, official data showed on Friday.
In total 35,069,641 people have received a first dose and 16,764,720 have received a second.
Britain also recorded a further 2,490 cases of COVID-19 in the last 24 hours, and 15 more deaths.
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
Although COVID-19 vaccination efforts are continuing across the country, experts say herd immunity is becoming less likely due to uneven vaccine roll-out, distribution disparities, and continuous virus mutation.
Herd immunity can be achieved through both vaccination rates and immunity gained from surviving COVID-19. Earlier in the pandemic, experts believed that once large parts of the population started being vaccinated, herd immunity would usher in the end of the pandemic, according to an article published by Nature. Most scientists estimated that between 60% and 70% of the population would need to be immune to reach that threshold, either through vaccination or past exposure to the virus.
According to the article, however, experts believe achieving herd immunity in the United States is becoming unlikely due to high levels of vaccine hesitancy, the emergence of new variants, and the delayed arrival of vaccinations for children. Because of these issues, experts now say COVID-19 could become a long-term endemic threat, similar to influenza.
Despite the encouraging progress made over the past few months of the vaccine roll-out, experts say they still lack clarity over whether the vaccines prevent transmission. The key to herd immunity, according to the article, is having too few susceptible hosts to maintain transmission, even if a person becomes infected. If vaccines do not prevent transmission, however, this could make herd immunity nearly impossible.
Herd immunity is only relevant if we have a transmission-blocking vaccine, said Shweta Bansal, MS, PhD, in the article. If we dont, then the only way to get herd immunity in the population is to give everyone the vaccine.
Despite these concerns, the article noted that a vaccine doesnt need to block 100% of transmission in order to be effective. Even 70% efficacy could be a gamechanger, although there would still be a significant amount of transmission that would make it more difficult to break transmission chains.
Disparities in vaccine roll-out also present significant barriers to herd immunity, both globally and within the United States. Some states, such as Georgia and Utah, are lagging far behind others in the percentage of the population that is vaccinated. Furthermore, although all adults are not eligible across the country, a vaccine approval for children is still in the works, leaving children vulnerable.
Although Pfizer and BioNTech have applied for an FDA emergency use authorization to vaccinate children aged 12 years and older, this still leaves a large group unvaccinated. According to the article, approximately 24% of people in the United States are under 18 years of age. If most of this group cannot be vaccinated, then 100% of adults would need to be vaccinated in order to achieve 76% immunity in the population.
Finally, the emergence of new variants is a major concern for experts looking toward herd immunity. Current vaccine roll-out plans are racing against the variants, attempting to vaccinate enough people before the virus can mutate and spread.
Even as the number of vaccinated people grows, experts say higher rates of immunity can put pressure on the variants, leading to mutations that are able to infect even immunized people. Vaccinating quickly can prevent new variants from spreading widely, although the uneven rollout could also give variants more time to develop.
Despite these concerning obstacles to achieving herd immunity, experts say it is important not to forget the improvements that have been made thus far. Preventing severe disease and death is vital, and the currently available vaccines have shown significant efficacy. Although transmission may never stop completely, the prominence of COVID-19 is likely to decrease, allowing a return to some form of normalcy.
REFERENCE
Aschwanden C. Five reasons why COVID herd immunity is probably impossible. Nature; March 18, 2021. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00728-2. Accessed May 7, 2021.
Its both a sign of the countrys success in protecting the elderly through vaccination and an urgent reminder that younger generations will pay a heavy price if the outbreak is allowed to simmer in communities across the country.
Were now seeing people in their 30s, 40s and 50s young people who are really sick, said Dr. Vishnu Chundi, a specialist in infectious diseases and chair of the Chicago Medical Societys covid-19 task force. Most of them make it, but some do not. I just lost a 32-year-old with two children, so its heartbreaking.
Nationally, adults under 50 now account for the most hospitalized COVID patients in the country about 36% of all hospital admissions. Those ages 50 to 64 account for the second-highest number of hospitalizations, or about 31%. Meanwhile, hospitalizations among adults 65 and older have fallen significantly.
About 32% of the U.S. population is now fully vaccinated, but the vast majority are people older than 65 a group that was prioritized in the initial phase of the vaccine rollout.
Although new infections are gradually declining nationwide, some regions have contended with a resurgence of the coronavirus in recent months what some have called a fourth wave propelled by the B.1.1.7 variant, first identified in the United Kingdom, which is estimated to be somewhere between 40% and 70% more contagious.
As many states ditch pandemic precautions, this more virulent strain still has ample room to spread among the younger population, which remains broadly susceptible to the disease.
The emergence of more dangerous strains of the virus in the U.S. including variants first discovered in South Africa and Brazil has made the vaccination effort all the more urgent.
We are in a whole different ballgame, said Judith Malmgren, an epidemiologist at the University of Washington.
Rising infections among young adults create a reservoir of disease that eventually spills over into the rest of society one that has yet to reach herd immunity and portends a broader surge in cases, she said.
Fortunately, the chance of dying of covid remains very small for people under 50, but this age group can become seriously ill or experience long-term symptoms after the initial infection. People with underlying conditions such as obesity and heart disease are also more likely to become seriously ill.
B.1.1.7 doesnt discriminate by age, and when it comes to young people, our messaging on this is still too soft, Malmgren said.
Across the country, the influx of younger patients with COVID has startled clinicians who describe hospital beds filled with patients, many of whom appear sicker than what was seen during previous waves of the pandemic.
A lot of them are requiring ICU care, said Dr. Michelle Barron, head of infection prevention and control at UCHealth, one of Colorados large hospital systems, as compared with earlier in the pandemic.
The median age of COVID patients at UCHealth hospitals has dropped by more than 10 years in the past few weeks, from 59 down to about 48 years old, Barron said.
RELATED:
I think we will continue to see that, especially if theres not a lot of vaccine uptake in these groups, she said.
While most hospitals are far from the onslaught of illness seen during the winter, the explosion of cases in Michigan underscores the potential fallout of loosening restrictions when a large share of adults are not yet vaccinated.
Theres strong evidence that all three vaccines being used in the U.S. provide good protection against the U.K. variant.
One study suggests that the B.1.1.7 variant doesnt lead to more severe illness, as was previously thought. However, patients infected with the variant appear more likely to have more of the virus in their bodies than those with the previously dominant strain, which may help explain why it spreads more easily.
We think that this may be causing more of these hospitalizations in younger people, said Dr. Rachael Lee at the University of Alabama-Birmingham hospital.
Lees hospital also has observed an uptick in younger patients. As in other Southern states, Alabama has a low rate of vaccine uptake.
But even in Washington state, where much of the population is opting to get the vaccine, hospitalizations have been rising steadily since early March, especially among young people. In the Seattle area, more people in their 20s are now being hospitalized for covid than people in their 70s, according to Dr. Jeff Duchin, public health chief officer for Seattle and King County.
We dont yet have enough younger adults vaccinated to counteract the increased ease with which the variants spread, said Duchin at a recent press briefing.
Nationwide, about 32% of people in their 40s are fully vaccinated, compared with 27% of people in their 30s. That share drops to about 18% for 18- to 29-year-olds.
Im hopeful that the death curve is not going to rise as fast, but it is putting a strain on the health system, said Dr. Nathaniel Schlicher, an emergency physician and president of the Washington State Medical Association.
Schlicher, also in his late 30s, recalls with horror two of his recent patients close to his age and previously healthy who were admitted with new-onset heart failure caused by COVID.
Ive seen that up close and thats what scares the hell out of me, he said.
I understand young people feeling invincible, but what I would just tell them is dont be afraid of dying, be afraid of heart failure, lung damage and not being able to do the things that you love to do.
Doctors and public health experts hope that the troubling spike in hospitalizations among the younger demographic will be temporary one that vaccines will soon counteract. It was only on April 19 that all adults became eligible for a covid vaccine, although they were available in some states much sooner.
But some concerning national polls indicate a sizable portion of teens and adults in their 20s and 30s dont necessarily have plans to get vaccinated.
We just need to make it super easy not inconvenient in any way, said Malmgren, the Washington epidemiologist. We have to put our minds to it and think a little differently.
by: Shannon Halligan/WGN, Nexstar Media Wire
BOLINGBROOK, Ill. (WGN) An Illinois family is mourning the loss of a 15-year-old girl who died from COVID-19 just two days after testing positive.
Dykota Morgan was, by all accounts, a healthy Bolingbrook High School freshman who excelled in school and athletics. But a little more than a week after she turned 15, she started feeling sick.
Sunday, we were out early and she called us and said that she woke up feeling dizzy and weak, and she was coughing on the phone, said mother Krystal Morgan.
Dykota had been complaining of headaches for the past two weeks but did not have any pre-existing conditions, her mother said.
Over the weekend, her parents noticed a change.
She just wasnt doing good, she was too tired, and the cough and the fever. So by about 5 oclock, I said, Im going to get you a COVID test because Im kind of worried you might have COVID,' Krystal Morgan said.
On Sunday, Dykota tested positive for COVID-19, and by Monday, she was in the hospital.
Her parents had to say goodbye to her at 3 a.m. Tuesday.
She was perfectly healthy, she just, her heart just She was perfectly healthy and she got COVID and it took her, father Rashad Bingham said.
Dykotas parents want people to know the virus is not gone and that children are not immune. Theyre hopeful the vaccine can soon help prevent this from happening to other families.
As soon as its available to the babies, I think they should do it, do it because you just never know. I didnt expect this. She was healthy, I feel like, I dont know, I just feel like I was robbed, I was robbed, her father said.
A balloon release will be held in Morgans honor at 5:30 p.m. Saturday in Bolingbrook.
ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) A COVID-19 outbreak at a high school wrestling tournament held in April is linked to more than 20 infections in five communities across southeast Alaska, according to health officials.
Ketchikan High School hosted the regional wrestling tournament, an annual event that this year attracted athletes from seven different schools, Anchorage Daily News reported.
Officials from the regional school activities association issued a warning to the school last week on accusations of failing to test competitors and enforce mask orders at the event as is required by the regions mitigation policies.
By Thursday, at least 11 students, two staff members and five other residents in the surrounding community tested positive for COVID-19 as part of the school outbreak. Contact tracing showed that at least five people who attended the wrestling tournament were infected with the virus at the time, according to Kacie Paxton, spokesperson for the Ketchikan Emergency Operations Center.
Another five cases associated with the outbreak were found in four other communities that participated in the tournament, bringing the total number of infections that could be traced back to Ketchikan High School to 23.
More cases were reported in Ketchikan on Thursday, but health officials are still determining if they are connected to the tournament, Paxton said.
Ketchikan had a total of 53 active COVID-19 cases as of Thursday.
District officials said that the matter was still under investigation. The Ketchikan Gateway Borough School District, which has 30 days to respond to the warning from the regional school activities association, is looking into exactly what happened and plans to provide information soon due to the high level of public interest, said Katie Parrott, acting superintendent.
___
This story has been corrected to show in the headline that there were over 20 cases, not 20 cases.
Hospitals in the Japanese prefecture of Osaka no longer have empty beds available for severe Covid-19 patients, according to government data.
Osaka's bed occupancy rate for severe coronavirus patients hit 103% on Wednesday, per data posted on the Osaka government's website. The bed occupancy rate for mild and moderate cases is 82.4%.
To cope with the rising number of cases, the government opened two waiting centers in April with ventilators for patients who called for ambulances but could not be admitted due to a lack of beds.
Authorities also asked neighboring prefectures to accept patients with severe symptoms to ease Osaka's burden, but so far, only Shiga prefecture has participated. They've only accepted one patient.
Since the latest wave of infections began on March 4, 17 Covid-19 patients have died at home or in hotels, according to the government.
Osaka authorities said 13,992 Covid patients remain at home while 2,958 are waiting to be hospitalized or put in hotel rooms.
Hotel spaces are offered to those who cannot be hospitalized or those who need to be away from home and their families while infectious. Local health centers provide patients at home and hotels with oxygen meters and have them monitor and report to the health center.
The Osaka government also asked for nurses from around the country to come help with the rising number of cases. So far, more than 40 nurses have answered. The government website continues to have a nurses wanted recruitment notice for those who can work in the red zone of hospitals and capable of dealing with respirators."
The government said they will be paid a higher wage than normal.
Across the U.S., vaccines are going into arms. Mask and physical distancing guidelines are easing. And people are going back to work and school.
But is it time yet? Tentatively, yes, according to new research that projects possible scenarios for the future of the COVID-19 pandemic.
A team of infectious disease modelers at Northeastern has been answering that question for the U.S. government. Since January, the group has been developinga set of predictive models to project the future of the outbreak in various scenarios for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of a network of expert disease modeling teams across the country. Their results underpin policymakers decisions on when, how, and how quickly to lift pandemic restrictions.
The numbers are, in a sense, encouraging, says group leader Alessandro Vespignani, Sternberg Family distinguished university professor of physics, computer science, and health sciences, and also director of the Network Science Institute at Northeastern. The numbers from the ground align pretty well with what we are seeing.
On Wednesday, the CDC shared the latest projections from the team in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report and during the White House press briefing by White House COVID-19 Response Team and Public Health Officials.
Something Im often asked is when will this pandemic be over and when will we go back to normal, director of the CDC, Rochelle Walensky, said during the briefing. The models forecasted some really good news, and an important reminder. The reality is it all depends on the actions we take now.
This latest round of results projected the number of deaths, hospitalizations, and cases of COVID-19 overall for the six-month period from April to September 2021 in the U.S. across four different scenarios of vaccination rates and levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions (masks, physical distancing, etc.). At the beginning of this month, there were just under 350,000 new COVID-19 cases in a week. Under a low vaccination, low non-pharmaceutical intervention scenario, Northeastern researchers project that weekly national cases could drop to about 125,000 by July. But if vaccination rates are high, weekly cases could drop below 50,000 by July and might even drop below 10,000 by August, under the most optimistic scenarios.
So far, the projections have held the test of time, Vespignani says.
At the end of March, the results were telling us there could be bumps on the road, he says. Depending on how quickly a state reopens, and the spread of new variants of the coronavirus, such as the B.1.1.7. variant that was first detected in the U.K., the models were suggesting possible surges in cases. And indeed, in April, this is what happened. We started to observe this surge of cases and a bit of surge of hospitalizations.
But, notably, Vespignani says, death rates and more severe cases are going down. There was a decoupling between the number of cases and the deaths and hospitalizations, he says. And this reflects vaccination rates against SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 in more vulnerable populations. The vaccination was protecting the people that were the most at risk, he says. Those vaccines are working like a charm.
The alignment of the scenarios and real data is a hopeful sign, as the models suggest that something resembling normal life could resume by July in the U.S. if people proceed cautiously, Vespignani says.
Or, Walensky said, we could return to normal sooner, if enough people get vaccinated quickly. The results remind us that we have the path out of this, she said, and models once projecting really grim news now offer reasons to be quite hopeful for what the summer may bring.
Five weeks into this latest set of scenario projections, Vespignani says, the future is brightening. We see a sustained decrease of cases in most of the places, and states that had a bit of surge were quickly reverting to smaller numbers in the last week or so.
Thats not to say we should lift all restrictions just yet, Vespignani says. You dont want to rush. We cannot exclude that if you do reopen too much, you can have surges. We need to constantly monitor that trend, the possible emergence of new variants of concern, and vaccination rates, he says. But, at this point, I think, it could be just a matter of weeks.
For media inquiries, please contact Jessica Hair at j.hair@northeastern.edu or 617-373-5718.
DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "PCR and Realtime PCR testing Global Market Report 2021: COVID-19 Implications and Growth to 2030" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.
The global PCR and realtime PCR testing market is expected to decline from $22.53 billion in 2020 to $9.98 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -55.7%.
The change in growth trend is mainly due to the companies stabilizing their output after catering to the demand that grew exponentially during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The market is expected to reach $13.82 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 8.5%.
The RT-PCR test is necessary for qualitative detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2 in upper and lower respiratory specimens that is collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19.
The need for early detection of chronic diseases is expected to drive the market. With the onset of chronic diseases, there has been a priority to detect the cause of the disease to decrease its onset on people, for the drug discovery and to start the appropriate treatment at the appropriate time, which enables faster cure and also save maximum lives and decreases its after-effects. The RT-PCR test is the standard test for the recent COVID-19 (corona virus) pandemic. It is used for its high sensitivity, which enables it to detect early infection. Therefore, the need for early detection is propelling the PCR and real time PCR testing market.
Development of alternative technologies is expected to hinder the growth of PCR and real time PCR testing market. New technologies such as CRISPR, which is a rapid test is expected to be launched soon. In February 2020, Sherlock Biosciences Inc. and Mammoth Biosciences are trying to launch improved diagnostics with CRISPR-based technologies that would increase and accelerate the detection of the corona virus to treat the patients better and also to control the further spread of the virus. Development of alternative tests is expected to hinder the PCR and Real Time PCR Testing market.
Early detection plays a key role in treating COVID-19 patients. The real time RT-PCR technique is a highly sensitive and specific testing method that can deliver a reliable diagnosis in as fast as three hours, unlike the other laboratory tests that take an average of 6 to 8 hours. Real time RT-PCR is significantly faster and has a lower potential for contamination or errors as the entire process is within a closed tube. Therefore, currently it is considered to be the most accurate method available for detection of the coronavirus. This has created huge demand for PCR testing kits.
The companies in the PCR and RT PCR Testing market are coming up with new test kits and systems for the diagnosis of diseases. In January 2020, Roche got CE Mark approved for adenovirus test for the transplant patients. It is designed to be used along with other infectious diseases tests which can be used in their 6800 and 8800 cobas systems. Most companies are coming with the Real time RT-PCR test for corona virus, contributing to the growth of the PCR and Real time PCR Testing market.
Key Topics Covered:
1. Executive Summary
2. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Market Characteristics
3. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Market Trends And Strategies
4. Impact Of COVID-19 On Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing
5. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Market Size And Growth
5.1. Global Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Historic Market, 2015-2020, $ Billion
5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
5.1.2. Restraints On The Market
5.2. Global Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Forecast Market, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
6. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Market Segmentation
6.1. Global Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
6.2. Global Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
6.3. Global Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Market, Segmentation By Technology, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
6.4. Global Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Market, Segmentation By End-Use, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
7. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Market Regional And Country Analysis
7.1. Global Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
7.2. Global Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Companies Mentioned
For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/d42gbz
