Donald Trump’s answer on how the Covid-19 pandemic will end is, um, not comforting – CNN

Donald Trump’s answer on how the Covid-19 pandemic will end is, um, not comforting – CNN

Bill Gates doesn’t expect a virus vaccine before year-end  but he says one drugmaker has the best chance – CNBC

Bill Gates doesn’t expect a virus vaccine before year-end but he says one drugmaker has the best chance – CNBC

September 17, 2020

Bill Gates addresses a virtual Covid-19 conference hosted by the International Aids Society. July 11, 2020

International Aids Society Handout

Bill Gates doesn't believe any of the coronavirus vaccines in development are likely to seek U.S. approval before the end of October something that would be bad news for President Donald Trump, who has hinted at a viable vaccine to counter the pandemic before the Nov. 3 election.

"None of the vaccines are likely to seek approval in the U.S. before the end of October," the billionaire philanthropist told CNBC via video conference last week.

But Gates is more confident about a breakthrough by early next year and named one drugmaker as being the furthest ahead.

"I do think once you get into, say, December or January, the chances are that at least two or three will (seek approval) if the effectiveness is there," the Microsoft co-founder said.

"And so we have these phase three trials that are going on. The only vaccine that if everything went perfectly, might seek the emergency use license by the end of October, would be Pfizer."

The Gates Foundation, created by Gates and his wife, Melinda, announced in March a collaboration to develop a coronavirus vaccine with several life sciences companies including Pfizer. It also owns stock in Pfizer, as well as Johnson & Johnson, Merck and others and has given multimillion-dollar grants to Pfizer for the development of various vaccines in recent years.

On Monday, Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla told CNBC that its coronavirus vaccine, one of three vaccines from the West in late-stage testing, could be distributed to Americans before the end of the year if found to be safe and effective. The other drugmakers in late-stage testing that will potentially seek U.S. approval are Moderna and U.K.-based AstraZeneca.

"We do see good antibody levels both in the phase one and the phase two, so we're pretty hopeful," Gates said of those trials.

Beyond the U.S. and Europe, Russia and China have approved emergency use of their own vaccines, although these have been met with skepticism from some Western medical professionals.

If approved by the Food and Drug Administration, Pfizer is prepared to distribute "hundreds of thousands of doses," Bourla said, adding that the company should have late-stage trial data by the end of October. He said Pfizer had already invested $1.5 billion for the potential vaccine's development.

Over the weekend, Pfizer made a request to the FDA to expand the late-stage trial to include up to 44,000 participants, up from its earlier target of 30,000.

The American pharmaceutical giant has been working with German drug company BioNTech, and the U.S. government in July announced it would pay the firms $1.95 billion to produce and deliver 100 million doses of their vaccine if it proves safe and effective.

The deal was signed as part of Operation Warp Speed, the Trump administration's effort to accelerate development and production of vaccines and treatments to fight the coronavirus.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have told U.S. states to be ready for vaccine distribution as early as Nov. 1, in line with Trump's reported push for a vaccine before the election. But the timing has caused concern among some experts who fear that safety protocols will be sidestepped for political reasons.

For Gates, a pledge from leading vaccine developers gives him confidence that that won't happen.

"The good news is that the leading vaccine companies today said that they won't apply even for the emergency use license until they have a proof of efficacy," he told CNBC. "We also have to go through all the safety steps so that people feel like they want to participate in taking this vaccine."

In a rare public letter published Sept. 8, the chief executives of nine major drugmakers pledged not to seek approval for their vaccines until their safety and effectiveness was proven in large clinical trials. The letter came amid reports that Trump was attempting to bypass the FDA's standard approvals process to get fast-track emergency use approval for an experimental vaccine, even if it hasn't yet received full regulatory approval.CNBC has reached out to the White House for comment.

"In the interest of public health, we pledge to always make the safety and well-being of vaccinated individuals our top priority," the letter said. It was signed by the CEOs of Pfizer, AstraZeneca, BioNTech, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Moderna, Novavax and Sanofi.

CNBC's Berkeley Lovelace Jr. contributed to this report.

Correction: An earlier version had an incorrect date for the election.


Read the original here: Bill Gates doesn't expect a virus vaccine before year-end but he says one drugmaker has the best chance - CNBC
UN chief: COVID-19 vaccine must be affordable and available to all – UN News

UN chief: COVID-19 vaccine must be affordable and available to all – UN News

September 17, 2020

The outbreakremainsout of control, Secretary-General AntnioGuterresdeclaredin hispress conferenceahead of theUNGeneral Assembly(UNGA)High Level Week, noting that soon onemillion liveswill be lost to the virus.

Recognizing that manypintheir hopes on a vaccine, hesaid,lets be clear: there is no panacea in a pandemic.

A vaccine alone cannot solve this crisis,certainly not in the near term,stressedtheworlds top diplomat.We need to massivelyexpand new and existing tools that can respond to new cases and provide vital treatment to suppress transmission and save lives, especially over the next 12 months.

Heemphasizedthat because the virus respects no borders,a vaccine mustbe seen asa global public good, affordable and available to all, but itrequiresa quantum leap in funding.

Moreover,people must be willing tobe vaccinated,buta proliferation of misinformation on vaccinesis fuelingvaccine-hesitancy,and igniting wild conspiracy theories, noted the UN chief.

He spoke of alarming reports thatlarge populationsinvariouscountriesare reluctant,oroutrightrefusing,to take anew coronavirusvaccine.

In the face of this lethal disease, we must do our utmost to halt deadly misinformation,affirmed the Secretary-General.

Mr. Guterres called for a global ceasefireback in March, recognizingthe coronavirusas the number one global security threat in our world today.

AndnextTuesday heflagged that would renewtheappeal at thebeginning of theGeneral Debate,forthe international communityto mobilize all efforts for the global ceasefire to become a reality by the end of the year.

The UN chief recapped that hopeful new steps toward peace have been taken,from Afghanistan to Sudan,anda slowdown infightinginSyria, Libya, Ukraine and elsewhere, had created an opportunityfor diplomacy.

In Yemen, we are pressing for a ceasefirehe said, and even thoughdistrust is deep across these and other crises,we must persevere.

We must seize every opening in the weeks ahead and make a new collective push for peace, upheldthe Secretary-General.

The UN chief then turned to otherglobal fragilities.

Even before the pandemic, the world was far off course in efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and losing the battle against climate change, he said.

Mr. Guterres recalledthat thenorthernhemispherewasjustcoming out of thehottest summer on recordand thatgreenhouse gas concentrationsin 2020hadreachednew record highs.

The world is burning, he told the journalists.

However,Mr. Guterresmaintained thatthe post-pandemic phaseofferedan opportunitytoget on track and tame the flames,but thatit must be greenaligned with the SDGs andthe Paris Climate Agreement.

Effective multilateralism,gender equalityand the voices of youthmust also be part of recoveryefforts.

Hesaidthat on Monday,Member Stateswould adopt a declaration marking theUNs75thanniversarycommitting to a reinvigorated multilateralism.

Global solidarityis required to transform the global economy, transition tozero carbon, ensureuniversal health coverage, movetowards a universal basic income,andshift tomore open and inclusivedecision-making, the UN chiefmaintained.

And itrejectsgo-it-alone nationalist approaches and divisive populist appeals,heasserted.

In this anniversary year,we face our own 1945 moment,the Secretary-Generalsaid, adding that it must be met with solidarity and unity like never beforeto overcome todays emergency, get the world moving,working and prospering againwhileupholdingthe vision of the Charter.


Read the original here: UN chief: COVID-19 vaccine must be affordable and available to all - UN News
What George Washington University Doctors Are Learning About The Coronavirus Vaccine – DCist

What George Washington University Doctors Are Learning About The Coronavirus Vaccine – DCist

September 17, 2020

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What George Washington University Doctors Are Learning About The Coronavirus Vaccine - DCist
Letter targets minorities on Long Island with coronavirus vaccine misinformation, state senator says – NBC News

Letter targets minorities on Long Island with coronavirus vaccine misinformation, state senator says – NBC News

September 17, 2020

A New York state senator issued a warning to residents of suburban Nassau County about a letter that falsely claims the government is looking for "minorities to experiment on" with the coronavirus vaccines.

The letter was taped to the doors of dozens of homes on the North Shore of Long Island on Saturday, state Sen. Anna Kaplan said in a press release that included a redacted copy of the full letter.

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"Parents who will be sending their children to school this fall should be mindful of any and all documents or waivers they're asked to sign," the top portion of the letter reads. "In a rush to find a vaccine for the COVID-19 or Corona Virus, the government is looking for minorities to experiment on."

The bottom half of the letter falsely claims that by participating in certain programs for children, parents could be signing their child up "for something that will be extremely harmful to them."

Kaplan slammed the misinformation in the letter as dangerous.

"I'm absolutely disgusted that some coward would spend their time trying to scare parents with anonymous notes like this full of lies and conspiracy theories," she said in a statement. "There is absolutely no excuse for spreading misinformation and fear here in our community at a time when Nassau residents are doing their best just to get by during these incredibly challenging times.

Residents in Manhasset said the letter appears to be targeting low-income parents, according to NBC New York.

"It's unfortunate because theyre probably going through a lot right now so I think as a community as a unit we all need to come together," resident Lexie Peterka told the outlet.

Police are looking into the letters but, so far, have no leads, NBC New York reported. The Nassau County Police Department did not immediately return a request for comment Tuesday morning.

Minyvonne Burkeis a breaking news reporter for NBC News.


Read the original: Letter targets minorities on Long Island with coronavirus vaccine misinformation, state senator says - NBC News
Study hints Covid-19 may have been in the US as early as December – CNN

Study hints Covid-19 may have been in the US as early as December – CNN

September 17, 2020

This study, published last Thursday in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, found a statistically significant uptick in clinic and hospital visits by patients who reported respiratory illnesses as early as the week of December 22.

The researchers noticed this trend by looking through nearly 10 million medical records from the UCLA Health system, including three hospitals and 180 clinics.

Elmore and her colleagues noticed the spike in respiratory cases by searching the field in medical records that lists why someone came to the clinic and searched for the symptom "cough." They looked at the records for the month of December 2019 through February 2020 and compared their findings to records from the five prior years.

"With the outpatients, I found a 50% increase in the percentage of patients coming in complaining of a cough. It came out to over 1,000 extra patients above the average of what we would typically see," Elmore said.

The number of patient visits to the ER for respiratory complaints, as well as the number of people hospitalized with acute respiratory failure between December 2019 and February 2020, showed a similar increase compared to records from the past five years. The uptick in cases started in the final week of December.

"Some of these cases could have been due to the flu, some could be for other reasons, but to see these kinds of higher numbers even in the outpatient setting is notable," Elmore said.

While scientists may never know for sure if these excess patients were early Covid-19 cases, Elmore doesn't think it's out of the question.

"Our world is so interconnected. There are about 500 flights from China a month to LAX, so you could easily have one or two cases from that travel and it could get into the community," Elmore said.

Elmore hopes this research shows that real time data collected on diseases like this could potentially help public health experts identify and track emerging outbreaks much earlier and potentially slow or stop the spread of disease.

"Based on what we know of a few other studies and now this one, I think definitely this could be something," Hoyen said. "It's certainly something that needs to be considered."

Hoyen said the bigger takeaway from this study for her was that it points to the possibility that data like this could augment some of the disease surveillance the CDC is already doing for diseases like flu.

"Is there a way to mine the data in other ways that may have picked up on some of the other symptoms that people were presenting with, so we had a better understanding of disease sooner?" Hoyen asked. "Then maybe instead of a month into it, like when we were seeing a lot of patients complaining of loss of taste and smell, if we had analyzed the data beforehand, we may have picked up those kinds of symptoms much sooner."

"We know from the SARS-CoV-2 genetic data that the pandemic started in late November / early December in China so there's absolutely no way the virus could have been spreading widely in December 2019. From the same genetic data we know that widespread transmission didn't start in the United States until (around) February 2020," Andersen said in an email.

"The paper is picking up spurious signals and the hospitalizations are more likely from flu or other respiratory diseases," Andersen wrote. "Again, the genomic data clearly shows that there was no widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States in December of last year - there may have been a few sporadic cases, but that's it and certainly not something that would have been seen in 'excess hospitalizations.'"

"If we had more precise genetic phylogenetic data of the spread of the virus, I think that could be very interesting, but in the absence of that, you can do a lot of work by inferring some preexisting patterns from these types of analyses," said Marrazzo, the director of the division of infectious diseases at the University of Alabama School of Medicine at Birmingham. "Primary care data like this is useful and we really need to pay attention to it."

"When you compare these numbers to previous years, there's no good explanation in my mind why all of the sudden you would see that dramatic increase in the records, except for Covid," Marrazzo said. "Just the strength of the numbers of information, when you include the outpatient, it shows a pattern."

Neither the CDC nor the WHO responded to CNN's request for perspective on the research or on the official time line of the pandemic.

Marrazzo said she and infectious disease colleagues across the country have been discussing how often they were seeing patients with what we now know as Covid-19 symptoms earlier than the official timeline. Because of the sharp restrictions the CDC placed on testing early in the pandemic, it was difficult to confirm if respiratory cases they were seeing were caused by coronavirus.

"I have no doubt that we all missed cases in the early part of the pandemic," Marrazzo said. "This study offers a really interesting window into what might actually have been happening."


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Study hints Covid-19 may have been in the US as early as December - CNN
Gaithersburg-Based Novavax Agrees To Supply COVID-19 Vaccine To Europe – CBS Baltimore

Gaithersburg-Based Novavax Agrees To Supply COVID-19 Vaccine To Europe – CBS Baltimore

September 17, 2020

GAITHERSBURG, Md. (WJZ) Gaithersburg-based company Novavax is working on a potential COVID-19 vaccine, and now, its agreeing to supply the shot to Europe.

Novavax will work with Spanish health officials to produce the vaccine for all of Europe.

CORONAVIRUS COVERAGE:

The vaccine is currently in Phase 2 of clinical trials, but is expected to move to Phase 3 in the coming weeks.

For the latest information on coronavirus go to theMaryland Health Departments websiteor call 211. You can find all of WJZs coverage oncoronavirus in Maryland here.


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Gaithersburg-Based Novavax Agrees To Supply COVID-19 Vaccine To Europe - CBS Baltimore
COVID-19 Daily Update 9-16-2020 – West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources

COVID-19 Daily Update 9-16-2020 – West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources

September 17, 2020

TheWest Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (DHHR) reportsas of 10:00 a.m., September 16, 2020, there have been 493,568 total confirmatory laboratory results receivedfor COVID-19, with 13,196 total cases and 290 deaths.

DHHR has confirmed the deaths of an80-year old female from Wood County, a 79-year old female from Boone County, a96-year old female from Kanawha County, a 70-year old female from KanawhaCounty, an 83-year old male from Kanawha County, a 94-year old male fromKanawha County, a 73-year old female from Mason County, an 89-year old femalefrom Mingo County, an 88-year old female from Mason County, and an 84-year oldfemale from Logan County. Todays reporting of ten West Virginians is a painful reminder of the continuingthreat of COVID-19, said Bill J. Crouch, DHHR Cabinet Secretary. We extendour sympathy to the families impacted by these deaths.

CASESPER COUNTY: Barbour(39), Berkeley (911), Boone (185), Braxton (10), Brooke (105), Cabell (677),Calhoun (22), Clay (32), Doddridge (17), Fayette (492), Gilmer (19), Grant(150), Greenbrier (116), Hampshire (97), Hancock (139), Hardy (75), Harrison(324), Jackson (235), Jefferson (410), Kanawha (2,083), Lewis (38), Lincoln(145), Logan (555), Marion (246), Marshall (145), Mason (129), McDowell (79),Mercer (384), Mineral (154), Mingo (324), Monongalia (1,768), Monroe (144),Morgan (45), Nicholas (75), Ohio (340), Pendleton (48), Pleasants (15),Pocahontas (58), Preston (143), Putnam (441), Raleigh (449), Randolph (231),Ritchie (10), Roane (42), Summers (31), Taylor (115), Tucker (16), Tyler (15),Upshur (60), Wayne (325), Webster (7), Wetzel (47), Wirt (9), Wood (342),Wyoming (83).

Pleasenote that delays may be experienced with the reporting of information from thelocal health department to DHHR. As case surveillance continues at the localhealth department level, it may reveal that those tested in a certain countymay not be a resident of that county, or even the state as an individual inquestion may have crossed the state border to be tested.Such is the case of Morgan County in this report.

Pleasevisit the dashboard located at www.coronavirus.wv.gov for more information.

CORRECTION: Please note that thedeath reported yesterday, September 15, 2020, of a 66-year old female from MercerCounty should have been listed as Raleigh County.


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COVID-19 Daily Update 9-16-2020 - West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources
Could wearing glasses lower the risk of COVID-19? – Live Science

Could wearing glasses lower the risk of COVID-19? – Live Science

September 17, 2020

People who wear eyeglasses may be at lower risk for catching COVID-19 than those who don't wear glasses, early research from China suggests.

The study researchers analyzed information from 276 patients at a hospital in China's Hubei province and found that only about 6% said they wore glasses for more than 8 hours a day, all of whom had myopia, or nearsightedness. That's much lower than the estimated rate of myopia in Hubei from previous research, which was 31.5%.

The new study, published Wednesday (Sept. 16) in the journal JAMA Ophthalmology, "is provocative and raises the possibility that use of eye protection by the general public might offer some degree of protection from COVID-19," Dr. Lisa Maragakis, an associate professor of medicine and epidemiology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study, wrote in an editorial accompanying the study.

However, Maragakis cautions that it's much too early to recommend that everyone don eyeglasses, goggles or face shields in public, in addition to already wearing face masks, to protect against COVID-19. The new study has a number of limitations for starters, the study was relatively small and included patients at a single hospital. Importantly, the study found only an association and cannot prove a "cause-effect" relationship between wearing glasses and being protected from COVID-19, Maragakis said.

Maragakis called for more studies to confirm the findings and to determine "whether there is any incremental benefit to wearing eyeglasses or other forms of eye protection in public settings, in addition to wearing a mask and physical distancing, to reduce the risk of acquiring [COVID-19]."

Related: 14 coronavirus myths busted by science

Although it's recommended that health care workers wear face shields or goggles, along with face masks, to lower the risk of catching COVID-19, public health guidelines generally don't promote the use of eye protection for the public; they instead stress the importance of masks, physical distancing and hand washing. (The CDC does not recommend face shields as a substitute for face masks.)

The study authors, from Suizhou Zengdu Hospital in Suizhou, China, decided to look into the link between eyeglasses and COVID-19 prevention after they noticed that few patients with COVID-19 at their hospital wore glasses.

They enrolled the 276 patients in their study between Jan. 27 and March 13, 2020. All participants were asked if they wore eyeglasses, how long they wore glasses during the day and why they needed glasses.

Overall, 30 participants, or about 11%, said they wore glasses, but only 16 participants, or 5.8%, wore glasses for more than 8 hours a day and that was for myopia. (The other 14 participants wore reading glasses.)

To compare this with the general population, the researcher drew on a study conducted in 1985 among students in Hubei province, which showed that about one-third had myopia, nearly all of whom wore glasses.

However, Maragakis noted that this comparison group is a limitation of the study because the research took place "decades earlier" and wasn't specific to Suizhou.

But in general, myopia is a common condition, estimated to affect 27% of the world's population in 2010, with the highest prevalence in East Asia, according to the World Health Organization.

None of the participants in the study wore contact lenses, so whether wearing contact lenses affects the risk of COVID-19 still needs to be studied, the authors said.

The researchers did not examine why glasses may reduce the risk of COVID-19, but they hypothesize that wearing glasses discourages people from touching their eyes, which would reduce the chances that people transfer virus from their hands to their eyes. It's known that eye cells have receptors that allow SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, to enter the body; and the virus has been detected in the eyes of COVID-19 patients.

Maragakis added that eyeglasses may also "serve as a partial barrier that reduces the inoculum [amount] of virus in a manner similar to what has been observed for cloth masks."

"These findings suggest that the eye may be an important infection route for COVID-19,

and more attention should be paid to preventive measures such as frequent hand washing and avoiding touching the eyes," the study authors concluded.

Still, in addition to further studies to confirm the findings, researchers also need to consider possible unintended consequences of a general recommendation to wear eye protection in public. People who aren't accustomed to wearing glasses or goggles might actually touch their face more often when removing, replacing or adjusting the eyewear, Maragakis said.

Originally published on Live Science.


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U.S. outlines sweeping plan to provide free COVID-19 vaccines, but it would take months – The Bethel Citizen

U.S. outlines sweeping plan to provide free COVID-19 vaccines, but it would take months – The Bethel Citizen

September 17, 2020

WASHINGTON The federal government outlined a sweeping plan Wednesday to make vaccines for COVID-19 available for free to all Americans, assuming a safe and effective shot is established and widely accepted though polls show skepticism remains across America.

In a report to Congress and an accompanying playbook for states and localities, federal health agencies and the Defense Department sketched out complex plans for a vaccination campaign to begin gradually in January or even later this year, eventually ramping up to reach any American who wants a shot. The Pentagon is involved with the distribution of vaccines, but civilian health workers would be the ones giving shots.

The campaign is much larger in scope and complexity than seasonal influenza or other previous outbreak-related vaccination responses, says the playbook for states from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Although President Donald Trump asserted Tuesday in an ABC News town hall that a vaccine could be three to four weeks away, officials made it clear to reporters on a call Wednesday that widespread availability would take months.

Among the highlights of the plan:

For most vaccines, people will need two doses, 21 to 28 days apart. Double-dose vaccines will have to come from the same drugmaker. There could be several vaccines from different manufacturers approved and available.

Vaccination of the U.S. population wont be a sprint but a marathon. Initially there may be a limited supply of vaccines, and the focus will be on protecting health workers, other essential employees, and people in vulnerable groups. Early in (the) COVID-19 vaccination program there may be a limited supply of vaccine and vaccine efforts may focus on those critical to the response, providing direct care and maintaining societal functions, as well as those at highest risk for developing severe illness, CDC Director Robert Redfield said . A second and third phase would expand vaccination to the entire population.

The vaccine itself will be free of charge, thanks to billions of dollars in taxpayer funding approved by Congress and allocated by the Trump administration. The goal is that patients wont be separately charged for administration of their shots, and officials say they are working to ensure thats the case for all Medicare recipients and uninsured people as well those covered by insurance at their jobs.

States and local communities will need to devise precise plans for receiving and locally distributing vaccines, some of which will require special handling such as refrigeration or freezing. States and cities have a month to submit plans.

A massive information technology effort will be needed to track who is getting which vaccines and when, and the key challenge involves getting multiple public and private databases to link with each other.

Some of the broad components of the federal plan have already been discussed, but Wednesdays reports attempt to put the key details into a comprehensive framework. Distribution is under the umbrella of Operation Warp Speed, a White House-backed initiative to have vaccines ready to ship in 24 hours from when a version is given emergency use approval by the Food and Drug Administration. Several formulations are undergoing final trials.

But the whole enterprise is facing public skepticism. Only about half of Americans said theyd get vaccinated in an Associated Press poll taken in May. Of those who said they wouldnt get vaccinated, the overwhelming majority said they were worried about safety. To effectively protect the nation from the coronavirus, experts say 70% to 90% of Americans must either be vaccinated or have their own immunity from fighting off COVID-19.

Since the poll, questions have only mounted about whether the government is trying to rush treatments and vaccines to help President Donald Trumps reelection chances.

Before the Republican National Convention in August, the FDA granted authorization for treatment of COVID-19 patients with plasma from people who have recovered, even though some government scientists were not convinced the clinical evidence was sufficiently strong. And last week it was reported that Michael Caputo, a Health and Human Services Department political appointee, tried to gain editorial control over a weekly scientific report from the CDC.

As public confidence in core health agencies has taken a beating, Trump administration officials have been forced to play defense.

We are working closely with our state and local public health partners to ensure that Americans can receive the vaccine as soon as possible and vaccinate with confidence, HHS Secretary Alex Azar said in a statement Wednesday. Americans should know that the vaccine development process is being driven completely by science and the data.

That could be a tough sell. In the AP poll, 1 in 5 Americans said they would not get a coronavirus vaccine, and 31% said they were unsure.

Uncertainty is also an issue for the hundreds of federal health care and military officials working on the vaccination program. For example, such basics as the effectiveness of the eventual vaccines are still unknown. The FDA has set a threshold of 50% effectiveness for approving a COVID-19 vaccine.

Were dealing in a world of great uncertainty, said Paul Mango, a top HHS official working on the vaccine plan.

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U.S. outlines sweeping plan to provide free COVID-19 vaccines, but it would take months - The Bethel Citizen
Coronavirus: 10 figures that sum up the stunning scope of COVID-19 shutdowns – The Mercury News