Category: Covid-19

The Amazon logo is displayed on a sign outside the company's LDJ5 sortation center in the Staten Island borough of New York City, U.S. April 25, 2022. REUTERS/Brendan McDermid.

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(Reuters) - Amazon.com Inc on Tuesday will urge a U.S. appeals court to revive its lawsuit that sought to prevent the New York Attorney General from investigating the online retailer over its efforts to protect warehouse workers from COVID-19.

A panel of three 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals judges in Manhattan will take up Amazon's claim that the state's probe should be blocked because it is preempted by federal labor law.

A New York state appeals court dismissed the AG's case earlier this month.

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The AG began investigating Amazon after it fired one employee and disciplined another who had protested the company's alleged lack of pandemic safety policies. Amazon sued to block the probe in February 2021, and the state filed its own lawsuit a few days later.

The AG claimed Amazons drive for faster growth and higher profits led to its flagrant disregard of steps needed to protect workers at the warehouse and another facility in Queens, and that the company illegally retaliated against workers who protested.

U.S. District Judge Brian Cogan in Brooklyn in August said he was required to dismiss Amazon's case because it would interfere with the state's lawsuit.

Cogan cited the legal doctrine of Younger abstention, named for a 1971 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that said federal courts must abstain from hearing civil claims brought by parties who are facing related actions by state officials in state court.

Amazon in its appeal says Younger abstention does not apply when claims brought under state law are preempted by federal law.

Amazon did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Nor did the attorney general's office.

The state court that tossed out the attorney general's case two weeks ago agreed with Amazon that the National Labor Relations Act preempted the state's claims that Amazon retaliated against the two employees.

In a filing earlier this month, Amazon's lawyers told the 2nd Circuit that the state court's ruling bolstered the company's position that the AG should never have launched an investigation or a lawsuit because only a federal labor board could pursue the allegations.

The office of Attorney General Letitia James responded in a filing that it disagreed with the ruling and was considering its options. But even if Amazon prevails on the preemption issue, the AG said, the decision "confirms that New York state courts are an adequate forum for Amazon to obtain judicial review."

Amazon has said that it took a comprehensive approach to COVID-19 safety and that two workers were disciplined or fired for violating those policies and not for protesting.

Workers at the Staten Island warehouse voted last month to form a union, the first in Amazon's history. The company is challenging the results of the election.

The case is Amazon.com Inc v. Attorney General Letitia James, 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, No. 21-2007.

For Amazon: Jason Schwartz of Gibson Dunn & Crutcher

For the Attorney General: Assistant Solicitor General Ester Murdukhayeva

Read more:

Amazon loses bid to stop New York from probing COVID-19 standards

Amazon.com wins dismissal of NY attorney general lawsuit over worker safety

New York accuses Amazon of backsliding over worker safety, seeks monitor

Amazon to get hearing that could overturn New York union vote

Amazon's union: Two warehouses, two outcomes

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Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

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Dan Wiessner (@danwiessner) reports on labor and employment and immigration law, including litigation and policy making. He can be reached at daniel.wiessner@thomsonreuters.com.

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Amazon seeks to revive bid to block NY lawsuit over COVID-19 policies - Reuters

Executive Summary

As the war in Ukraine unfolds, Russian propaganda about the conflict has gotten a boost from a friendly source: government officials and state media out of Beijing. In multiple languages and regions around the world, Chinas wolf warrior diplomats and state media routinely amplify Kremlin conspiracy theories rationalizing President Vladimir Putins invasion, and undermining the credibility and appeal of the United States, NATO, and independent media even as China declines to endorse the Kremlins adventurism wholesale. This spring, for example, Chinas messengers promoted the baseless Russian claim that the United States has been supporting a biological weapons program in Ukraine at times, more aggressively than Russia itself.

Because Russian state media have been de-amplified or banned by multiple Western social media platforms, Beijings messaging could play an outsized role in channeling Kremlin talking points to audiences around the world.

These narratives do not just spread on social media. Beijings state-funded publishers have considerable success in a domain that has received comparatively little attention: search results.

For months, our team has been tracking how China has exploited search engine results on Xinjiang and COVID-19, two subjects that are geopolitically salient to Beijing Xinjiang, because the Chinese government seeks to push back on condemnation of its rights record; COVID-19, because it seeks to deflect criticism for its early mishandling of the pandemic. In both cases, Beijing is quite focused on positioning itself as a responsible global leader and softening perceptions to the contrary.

To evaluate these concerns, we compiled daily data over a 120-day period on 12 terms related to Xinjiang and COVID-19 from five different sources: (1) Google Search; (2) Google News; (3) Bing Search; (4) Bing News; and (5) YouTube.

We found that:

To address these findings, we propose that companies:

Other actors can play a role too. In particular:

By taking these steps, companies, content creators, and authoritative outlets can ensure that Beijing is not able to dominate search results for terms related to its geopolitical interests, and that users have the information they need to contextualize the propaganda they encounter.

Read the original:

Winning the web: How Beijing exploits search results to shape views of Xinjiang and COVID-19 - Brookings Institution

SALT LAKE CITY How do you give a lion a COVID-19 test? Very, very carefully.

When the lion pride at Utah's Hogle Zoo came down with COVID-19 last year, the zoo took a number of precautions to test and treat them.

"A long swab just like you get when you go get your test," said Dr. Erika Crook, the director of animal health for Utah's Hogle Zoo. "We did it with a long handled forcep. We did it behind a barrier and we did it while we were feeding them their meat. We used full PPE and a meat stick, and luckily the animals really have a great relationship with the keepers and we did it very safely."

Most of the lion pride was diagnosed. Only one lioness refused a nasal swab, even when her keepers used a stick with meat on it to try to entice her. Dr. Crook described that one as "grumpy."

Now, the zoo is rolling out vaccines to some of its animals. The vaccine, specially created for animals by a division of Pfizer, is still in an experimental stage. So far, the zoo has vaccinated three snow leopards, five Amur leopards, two tigers and a gorilla. More apes will be vaccinated as doses become available. Dr. Crook said they share data with the vaccine maker and so far, no animal has had an adverse reaction.

Utah's Hogle Zoo is rolling out the vaccine to its big cats first, because they are highly susceptible to COVID-19 and some are endangered species. Snow leopards have been removed from public view because they are most at risk (some have died in other zoos from the virus).

"Once theyre fully vaccinated, we cant wait to put them back on exhibit for our guests to be able to come and enjoy," Dr. Crook said.

Video of a vaccination shared with FOX 13 News shows keeper Jerica Tulls enticing Sasha, an Amur Tiger, with a stick with meat on it. Then keeper Melanie Kuse sticks Sasha in the hip with a long pole with a syringe at the end. Sasha looks back briefly, but otherwise is not distracted by the jab.

"I never needed to get out my dart gun," said Dr. Crook. "It was all done very positively and they were vaccinated. We vaccinated over 10 animals in just over an hour."

The Utah Department of Health & Human Services is also participating in research on COVID-19 and the impact on animals. Dr. Willy Lanier, the state's public health veterinarian, is involved in studies on the virus and has been collecting samples from zoo animals.

"We know the risk of the virus passing from animals to humans is really quite low. Theres a much greater chance it goes the other direction," he told FOX 13 News. "But theres a lot of unanswered questions about the virus in animals. Which species are susceptible? How do they get it? How do they pass it to each other in an animal population and how might the virus change in an animal population?"

Those studies are ongoing, Dr. Lanier said, but it is hoped the research will provide more data about COVID's impact on animals and humans.

"The health of animals, and people and the environment are all inter-connected," he said. "So when animals have a disease issue, a potential for that to have other effects on other species, including humans. So we want to learn as much about that as possible."

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Utah's Hogle Zoo is giving some of its animals COVID-19 vaccines and boosters - FOX 13 News Utah

CMS is investigating hospitals in which a high number of patients likely contracted COVID-19 while seeking care, part of an effort to increase oversight since relaunching routine inspections last year, Politico reported May 26.

The agency is zeroing in on facilities with COVID-19 outbreaks and is also considering patients and healthcare workers' safety complaints, according to Jon Blum, CMS principal deputy administrator and COO. The strategy marks a shift from the agency's "less rigorous" approach early in the pandemic, he told Politico.

"We are holding the [healthcare] system accountable," he said. "We do not see ourselves as simply putting out rules and hoping the healthcare system responds to those rules. We have really pivoted to a world where we are going to be surveying and holding facilities compliant."

Mr. Blum did not reveal how many hospitals the agency has cited for inadequate COVID-19 precautions.

CMS won't publicly share hospitals' COVID-19 transmission rates but will publish staff vaccination rates this fall to help consumers determine a hospital's COVID-19 risk.

Read the original post:

CMS boosts oversight of hospitals with COVID-19 outbreaks - Becker's Hospital Review

After 26 months of playing what I came to regard as viral dodgeball, this Sunday I tested positive for Covid-19. That is noteworthy only to my family and employer. But it's part of a larger pattern of the pandemic in America now.

People like me are getting infected even though they are at some level vaccinated and boosted. In my case, I have received two vaccines and two boosters all of them Pfizer. My most recent booster was administered May 9.

I tested positive 13 days later.

My positive test, of course, plunged me into isolation. An entire week of work assignments and there were more than a few disappeared. My podcast, "The Takeout," has not failed to produce an original show each week in its history (dating back to January 2017). We scrubbed the in-person show we had planned and booked Dr. Anthony Fauci, President Biden's chief medical adviser.

"You're the personification of this," Dr. Fauci told me Thursday, referring to rising infection rates more than 100,000 cases per week nationally for the first time since February. "This is a highly transmissible virus. And it is very likely that if you were not vaccinated and double-boosted, then you would have had a much more severe outcome than you have right now. And you and I, I think very unlikely, Major, we'd be speaking to each other right now."

Fauci could see me via Zoom. I looked and sounded well enough for an interview. My symptoms were fatigue, headache, low-level fever and night sweats. Fatigue was my first, most noticeable symptom. I felt it Saturday afternoon as I tried to play golf. I was winded in an utterly unfamiliar way. It's a common symptom, Fauci told me.

My symptoms have been manageable. I've had worse. I've had pneumonia and double pneumonia, and both were much worse.

And yet, even with four doses of vaccine in my system, Covid still felt like real sickness. To Fauci's point, I thought about how much worse things might have been had I not been vaxxed and boosted.

Fauci asked me if I had sought any antiviral therapy. My primary-care physician prescribed Paxlovid. I began a five-day regimen Tuesday evening and felt noticeably better Wednesday morning.

That was the right course of action, Fauci told me, and he said that taking Paxlovid as soon as possible after testing positive is also something the government is trying to get the general public to do and physicians treating SARS-Co-V-2 patients to do.

Fauci praised Paxlovid as "an anti-viral drug that has a very good capability to the tune of almost 90% of preventing people from requiring hospitalizations and going on to severe disease."

As it happened, that very day the federal government was ramping up availability of Paxlovid.

"We are doubling the number of sites that have packs of it available from 20,000 to 40,000. Just today we've announced the first of the federally supported test and treat sites are opening up in Rhode Island, soon to be followed by Minnesota, New York and other locations."

Three Paxlovid tablets, twice a day, gave me no side effects, outside of a faint metallic taste.

"It blocks the replication of the virus," Fauci said. "When you block the replication of the virus, you essentially interfere with the kind of effects that you experience the chills, the fatigue, the headache, the feeling that you were very much under the weather."

Most U.S. Covid cases now (at least 58%) are linked to the BA 2.1.2.1 variant of SARS-Co-V-2. This mutation, Fauci said, echoing my own doctor, is more of an upper respiratory virus. The majority of protection afforded by vaccines and boosters is related to lower-respiratory illness.

"The one thing that has held strong is protection against systemic disease, particularly lung disease," Fauci said. "However, the upper airway has become a vulnerable target."

As such, Fauci repeated the current CDC advice on wearing masks in places where "you are having an upsurge of cases," which is to don them indoors while in large groups.

I asked Fauci if the country was experiencing its fifth Covid wave.

"We are certainly having a number of cases that have increased," Fauci said, noting the U.S. is still way down from its harrowing peak of 900,000 cases a day, along with tens of thousands of hospitalizations and 3,000 deaths. "The daily average is now over 100,000 a day. Should we be calling that a wave? I'm not so sure. I think it's a bit of semantics. I think we should say we are seeing an increase of infection. That's the sobering news."

But Fauci also pointed to promising signs.

"The somewhat encouraging news is that the parts of the country that had increases earlier are starting to plateau and come down. That's New York City particularly. That's the Chicago area. That's the Washington, D.C., area."

According to available data, an unvaccinated person is 68 times more likely to die from Covid than a vaccinated person.

"If you look at hospitalizations among individuals who are unvaccinated, compared to the hospitalizations and deaths among those who are vaccinated and boosted, the curves are separated by a large amount," Fauci said.

"The likelihood of getting into trouble is multi-fold more if you're unvaccinated compared to vaccinated."

I reminded Fauci I was boosted (my second) on May 9 and still tested positive within two weeks.

"Vaccines are not necessarily geared at...giving you sterilized immunity or preventing even the slightest bit of infection," Fauci said. "That's the point. The main purpose is to prevent you from getting ill. Prevent you from being in the hospital. Preventing you from dying. So I don't want to be making any predictions of what might have happened, but it is entirely conceivable that, given the fact that you had some significant symptoms, even though you were vaccinated, you could have gotten into some serious trouble had you not been vaccinated."

Fauci brought up the rough political climate when I asked him it if was wise, as some have suggested, for insurers to increase premiums for those who chose not to receive Covid vaccinations, much as is already done with premiums for those who smoke.

"I prefer not to," Fauci said, "because through no fault of your own, the people who inappropriately and incorrectly say I'm encroaching upon one's freedom will jump all over that and that will just give them some legs on something that is distracting from what we are really want, which is to get people vaccinated."

In that light, I asked Fauci if he would stay in his White House post if Republicans take control of Congress in the mid-term elections. Several Republicans have suggested they would investigate Fauci's actions during the pandemic.

"I don't know," Fauci said. "I haven't given that a thought. Right now, I'm focusing on getting us through this increase that we're in now. That's what I worry about when I go to be at night. I don't worry about what I'm going to be doing six months from now."

I asked if he feared Republicans' investigations or requests for documents.

"Absolutely not at all," Fauci said. I have nothing to hide. There's nothing to be afraid of. I'm an open book."

Executive producer: Arden Farhi

Producers: Jamie Benson, Jacob Rosen, Sara Cook and Eleanor Watson

CBSN Production: Eric SoussaninShow email:TakeoutPodcast@cbsnews.comTwitter:@TakeoutPodcastInstagram:@TakeoutPodcastFacebook:Facebook.com/TakeoutPodcast

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For the first time during the pandemic, I tested positive for COVID-19. So, Dr. Fauci and I had a chat - CBS News

Steroids, or corticosteroids, are a group of medications that resemble a hormone in your body called cortisol. They reduce inflammation and are used to treat a wide range of conditions, including:

Regularly taking steroids can weaken your immune system and increase your risk of developing COVID-19 or more severe illness.

Corticosteroids are different than anabolic steroids, which are drugs that replicate the hormone testosterone. Although anabolic steroids do have legitimate medical uses, people often use them recreationally to build muscle and improve sports performance.

The use of anabolic steroids has also been linked to poorer COVID-19 outcomes.

Keep reading to learn how steroids work and how they affect your immune system.

Corticosteroids are human-made drugs that replicate the hormone cortisol. Your adrenal glands, located at the top of your kidneys, produce cortisol.

Corticosteroids are among the most widely prescribed drugs worldwide. Nearly 1 percent of the global population uses long-term corticosteroid therapy as treatment.

Among the conditions they treat include:

Corticosteroids reduce inflammation in your body by binding to receptors that suppress your immune systems activity.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), long-term steroid use can compromise your immune system and make you more likely to get sick from COVID-19 or other respiratory diseases.

Long-term (or chronic) corticosteroid use is associated with:

In a previous study from 2020, researchers found that taking over 10 milligrams of the steroid prednisone per day was associated with a 2.05 times higher chance of hospitalization in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

Some steroids can potentially cause the antiviral drug remdesivir to be removed from the body more quickly. This makes the drug less effective at treating COVID-19.

Athletes and bodybuilders widely abuse anabolic steroids to improve appearance or performance. The use of anabolic steroids can alter the immune system and increase the risk of infection.

A 2022 study found that current anabolic steroid use is a risk factor for COVID-19 severity.

In the study, current steroid use was associated with five times a greater chance of contracting COVID-19. Current anabolic steroid use was also associated with a higher chance of developing moderate to severe COVID-19.

If you have a medical condition that increases your chances of getting very sick with COVID-19, the CDC recommends talking to a healthcare professional about how to best protect yourself.

Doctors decide whether to continue corticosteroid treatment on a case-by-case basis. Your doctor can give you the best idea about whether you should stop taking steroids or lower your dosage. Up to 90 percent of people who take steroids longer than 60 days develop side effects.

You can also protect yourself by making sure your COVID-19 vaccines are up to date. You may be eligible for additional boosters if youre considered immunosuppressed.

Other ways you can protect yourself include:

Here are some of the frequently asked questions people have about steroids and COVID-19.

Oral or injected steroids are more likely to cause side effects such as immunosuppression than inhaled steroids or topical steroids. Side effects tend to increase with the dose and the longer you take them.

Inhaled steroids generally cause fewer and milder side effects than oral corticosteroids.

According to a 2022 study, theres ongoing discussion on whether steroids decrease vaccine efficiency despite no direct evidence that they do.

In a 2021 review of studies, five out of six studies found evidence of successful vaccination in people taking steroids.

They concluded that based on the current evidence, its reasonable to delay steroid injections for chronic pain for 1 to 2 weeks after vaccination, and to delay vaccination for 2 weeks after procedures involving steroids.

According to the National Institutes of Healths COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines, multiple high-quality studies suggest that corticosteroid therapy improves outcomes in people with COVID-19 who require oxygen therapy. This may be because they reduce the inflammatory reaction that leads to lung injury and dysfunction.

The most widely studied corticosteroid for treating COVID-19 is dexamethasone. Researchers have also studied other steroids like hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone, but evidence to back the use of these medications isnt as strong.

A 2022 study linked steroids to better outcomes in younger people but not older people.

Some studies have found evidence that steroids increase the risk of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergilloses (CAPA) in intensive care patients. CAPA is a fungal infection of the lungs that can increase the risk of mortality.

Steroids treat a wide variety of conditions. They work by reducing inflammation and suppressing your immune system. Taking steroids, especially in high doses, may make you more prone to COVID-19 infection.

Your doctor can best advise you on whether you should lower or reduce your dose. You can also reduce your chances of getting COVID-19 by taking preventive measures like washing your hands regularly and staying up to date with your vaccines.

Read more from the original source:

Steroids and COVID-19: Risks, Interactions, Prevention, and More - Healthline

COVID-19 cases back on the rise in US after new subvariants appear

COVID-19 infections have spiked over the past month due to new and more infectious subvariants, waning vaccines, and fewer people wearing masks.

Damien Henderson, USA TODAY

COVID-19 infections rose sharply again last week throughout Tennessee and Davidson County, continuing an upward trend that has been ongoing for the last two months or so, according to state Department of Health data.

Notably, statewide COVID-19 hospitalizations are now starting to quickly rise again after remaining relatively flat for months. As of May 21, there were 270 such hospitalizations a 44% increase from the previous week's 187 cases.

The seven-day average for infections throughout the state was 1,288, up from the prior week's 944 average. About six weeks ago, the average was 192.

In Davidson County, the seven-day average was 206.7 as of Saturday, up from 169.6 the week prior.

Another COVID surge coming?: COVID-19 is waning in Tennessee, but is another surge on the horizon? Public health experts weigh in

Fauci on the pandemic's future: Q&A: Anthony Fauci on mask mandates and whether the pandemic is finally nearing an end

The statewide average test-positivity rate (the rate of people who get tested and are positive for COVID-19) last week also signaled an increased spread of the novel coronavirus.

As of May 21, the rate was 13.52%, up from the prior week's 10.87%. In Davidson County, the rate was 20.1%, up from 17.1% the prior week.

Higher test-positivity rates in a given community suggest that COVID-19 is spreading widely, public health officials say. Generally speaking, the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health considers rates above 5% as "too high."

State public health agencies have counted more than 2.05 million cases of COVID-19 in Tennessee since the start of the pandemic. Of those, 26,372 have died as a result of the novel coronavirus.

About54.7% of Tennesseans have been fully vaccinated against COVID-19,according tothe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The national average is 66.6%.

Frank Gluck is the health care reporter for The Tennessean. He can be reached at fgluck@tennessean.com. Follow him on Twitter at@FrankGluck.

Want to read more stories like this? A subscription to one of ourTennessee publicationsgets you unlimited access to all the latest political news,plus newsletters, a personalized mobile experience, and the ability to tap into stories, photos and videos from throughout the USA TODAY Network's daily sites.

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Tennessee COVID-19 cases increase, driving higher hospitalizations - Tennessean

By Becky Sullivan, Michaeleen Doucleff

The recent headlines about a sudden emergence of an unusual disease, spreading case by case across countries and continents may, for some, evoke memories of early 2020.

But monkeypox is no COVID-19 in a good way.

Health officials worldwide have turned their attention toa new outbreak of monkeypox, a virus normally found in central and west Africa that has appeared across Europe and the U.S. in recent weeks even in people who have not traveled to Africa at all.

But experts say that, while it's important for public health officials to be on the lookout for monkeypox, the virus is extremely unlikely to spin out into an uncontrolled worldwide pandemic in the same way that COVID-19 did.

"Let's just say right off the top that monkeypox and COVID are not the same disease," said Dr. Rosamund Lewis, head of Smallpox Secretariat at the World Health Organization, at a public Q&A session on Monday.

For starters, monkeypox spreads much less easily than COVID-19. Scientists have been studying monkeypox since it was first discovered in humans more than 50 years ago. And its similarities to smallpox mean it can be combated in many of the same ways.

As a result, scientists are already familiar with how monkeypox spreads, how it presents, and how to treat and contain it giving health authorities a much bigger head start on containing it.

Here are some of the other ways the public health approach to monkeypox is different from COVID-19:

Monkeypox typically requires very close contact to spread most often skin-to-skin contact, or prolonged physical contact with clothes or bedding that was used by an infected person.

By contrast, COVID-19 spreads quickly and easily. Coronavirus can spread simply by talking with another person, or sharing a room, or in rare cases, being inside a room that an infected person had previously been in.

"Transmission is really happening from close physical contact, skin-to-skin contact. It's quite different from COVID in that sense," said Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, an infectious disease epidemiologist with the WHO.

The classic symptom of monkeypox is a rash that often begins on the face, then spreads to a person's limbs or other parts of the body.

"The incubation from time of exposure to appearance of lesions is anywhere between five days to about 21 days, so can be quite long," said Dr. Boghuma Kabisen Titanji, an infectious disease physician and virologist at Emory University in Atlanta.

The current outbreak has seen some different patterns, experts say particularly, that the rash begins in the genital area first, and may not spread across the body.

Either way, experts say, it is typically through physical contact of that rash that the virus spreads.

"It's not a situation where if you're passing someone in the grocery store, they're going to be at risk for monkeypox," said Dr. Jennifer McQuiston of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,in a briefing Monday.

The people most likely to be at risk are close personal contacts of an infected person, such as household members or health care workers who may have treated them, she said.

"We've seen over the years that often the best way to deal with cases is to keep those who are sick isolated so that they can't spread the virus to close family members and loved ones, and to follow up proactively with those that a patient has contact with so they can watch for symptoms," McQuiston said.

With this version of virus, people generally recover in two to four weeks, scientists find, and the death rate is less than 1%.

One factor that helped COVID-19 spread rapidly across the globe was the fact that it is very contagious.That's even more true of the variants that have emerged in the past year.

Epidemiologists point to a disease's R0 value the average number of people you'd expect an infected person to pass the disease along to.

For a disease outbreak to grow, the R0 must be higher than 1. For the original version of COVID-19,the number was somewhere between 2 and 3. For the omicron variant, that number is about 8,a recent study found.

Although the recent spread of monkeypox cases is alarming, the virus is far less contagious than COVID-19, according to Jo Walker, an epidemiologist at Yale School of Public Health.

"Most estimates from earlier outbreaks have had an R0 of less than one. With that, you can have clusters of cases, even outbreaks, but they will eventually die out on their own," they said. "It could spread between humans, but not very efficiently in a way that could sustain itself onward without constantly being reintroduced from animal populations."

That's a big reason that public health authorities, including the WHO, are expressing confidence that cases of monkeypox will not suddenly skyrocket. "This is a containable situation," Van Kerkhove said Monday at the public session.

Monkeypox and smallpox are both members of the Orthopox family of viruses.Smallpox, which once killed millions of people every year, was eradicated in 1980 by a successful worldwide campaign of vaccines.

The smallpox vaccine is about 85% effective against monkeypox, the WHO says,although that effectiveness wanes over time.

"These viruses are closely related to each other, and now we have the benefit of all those years of research and diagnostics and treatments and in vaccines that will be brought to bear upon the situation now," said Lewis of the WHO.

Some countries, including the U.S., have held smallpox vaccines in strategic reserve in case the virus ever reemerged. Now, those can be used to contain a monkeypox outbreak.

The FDA has two vaccines already approved for use against smallpox.

One,a two-dose vaccine called Jynneos, is also approved for use against monkeypox. About a thousand doses are available in theStrategic National Stockpile, the CDC says, and the company will provide more in the coming months.

"We have already worked to secure sufficient supply of effective treatments and vaccines to prevent those exposed from contracting monkeypox and treating people who've been affected," said Dr. Raj Panjabi of the White House pandemic office,in an interview with NPR.

Continued here:

Monkeypox isn't like COVID-19 and that's a good thing - Capital Public Radio News

The first cases of COVID-19 were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. It has now been over two years since the beginning of the outbreak connected to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan.

Since then, many COVID-19 survivors have reported lingering health issues or symptoms that suddenly appear months and even a year after the initial infection. It is important to note that these patients experienced COVID-19 before vaccines were developed against SARS-CoV-2.

A recent study looked into the current conditions of COVID-19 patients from Wuhan two years later.

Of the people researchers assessed for the study, half reported having at least one long COVID symptom two years after acute infection.

The study was published in THE LANCET Respiratory Medicine.

Dr. David F. Putrino, associate professor of rehabilitation and human performance at Mount Sinai, New York, who was not involved in the study, told Medical News Today:

We are incredibly concerned by this. Although new variants and vaccination appear to have reduced the risk of long COVID overall, there is still a relatively large proportion of individuals experiencing long COVID symptoms after an acute infection, and we are incredibly concerned this will culminate in a mass-disabling event.

[I]f we allow COVID-19 to spread at its current rate, it is becoming increasingly likely that we are going to have a severe, mass-disabling event on our hands. Dr. David F. Putrino

The new study, led by Professor Bin Cao of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing, China, is the first to report on the health of people who had acute SARS-CoV-2 infection two years ago before vaccines were developed.

The 2,469 participants in the study had all been discharged from Jin Yin-tan Hospital between January 7 and May 29, 2020. 1,119 of them chose to continue undergoing hospital evaluations and interviews two years after infection.

This is surprising, and there arent other studies out there yet that can look two years out from acute illness, Dr. James R. Heath, president and professor at the Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle, WA, who was also not involved in the study, told MNT.

There have been reports going out to perhaps six months or even a year, I think, but largely on mild infections, he said.

At six months after acute infection, 68% of participants reported symptoms of long COVID, and by two years, that number had dropped to 55%.

However, the studys authors write that long COVID symptoms at two years were related to decreased quality of life, lower exercise capacity, abnormal mental health, and increased use of healthcare after discharge.

The most common long COVID symptoms after two years were muscle weakness or fatigue, and sleep difficulties, both reported by 31% of participants.

We already know that long COVID, in its various manifestations, is a major issue, said Dr. Heath, especially in patients who experienced severe illness, but also in patients that experienced only mild infections For those patients, the chronic symptoms appear to dissipate more quickly.

This is incredibly troubling when we consider that long COVID affects not only hospitalized patients, but also non-hospitalized patients (who were not studied here). This study [s]hould serve as a reminder that death is not the only serious consequence of an acute COVID-19 infection. Dr. David F. Putrino

After two years, 89% of participants had returned to their original work.

Dr. Angela Cheung, a professor at the University of Toronto, who was also not involved in the study, addressed what the future may hold for people who experienced COVID-19.

Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 (long COVID) may be dependent on a number of factors: treatments that patients got when they were acutely ill, number and type of vaccinations they received prior to contracting COVID-19, dose of the virus, host response, as well as the variant (e.g., Omicron vs. Delta), she said.

Thus, said Dr. Cheung, it is difficult to predict the medical future of COVID-19 survivors. The current numbers are huge, but I am hoping that with time and treatment, they will fall.

Dr. Heath said that as scientists understanding of long COVID rapidly expands, such findings will almost certainly lead to treatments.

However, it is going to take a few years to test those treatments in appropriate double-blind placebo-controlled trials, and there are likely multiple disease etiologies, implying multiple treatments will be needed, he added.

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COVID-19: 55% of early pandemic survivors still symptomatic 2 years on - Medical News Today

The Department of Health reports more than 29,000 new cases last week and 249 deaths related to the coronavirus over the last seven days.

Get COVID-19 information from the U.S. Governmentat covid.gov

View the CDC COVID data trackerhere.

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Excerpt from:

Here is the weekly state update on COVID-19 numbers for Wednesday, May 25 - WNEP Scranton/Wilkes-Barre